Antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities of quinine and its derivatives: A narrative mini-review

Document Type : Mini-Review

Authors

Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/mnba.2023.399582.1034

Abstract

Quinine sulfate, the main active compound from quinine extract, has been applied as an old drug under the category of a limited over-the-counter drug. This compound is a medication used commonly to treat malaria. This includes the treatment of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum which is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available. In addition, quinine and its derivatives showed antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities.  Microbial resistance to quinine occurs in certain areas of the world. In addition, quinine can affect kidney function, hematology, cardiovascular function, and liver function as the major side effects. Novel biocompatible micro and Nano formulations are needed to overcome these disadvantages. The present mini-review has tried to address these formulations considering their antimicrobial activities.

Graphical Abstract

Antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities of quinine and its derivatives: A narrative mini-review

Highlights

  • DNA synthesis of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria can be inhibited by quinine and its derivatives.
  • Quinine can increases the production of IFN-α cytokines against viruses.
  • Changes in the cell membrane permeability, accumulation of ROS, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential have been recognized for some quinoline derivatives.

Keywords

Rights and permissions

© 2023 by the MNBA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Micro Nano Bio Aspects
Volume 2, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
September 2023
Pages 1-6

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History

  • Receive Date: 29 May 2023
  • Revise Date: 21 July 2023
  • Accept Date: 21 July 2023

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