Anticholinergic, antimicrobial, and anticancer perspectives of atropine: a mini-review

Document Type : Mini-Review

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/mnba.2023.389924.1027

Abstract

Atropine metabolite as a tropane alkaloid is mainly applied as anticholinergic medication. Other therapeutic activities such as anticancer and antimicrobial effects have been found for this metabolite. Several side effects such as blurred vision, dryness of the mouth, dry eyes, confusion, photophobia, dizziness, tachycardia, fatigue, flushing, palpitations, urinary hesitance or retention, headache, constipation, nausea, and vomiting have been identified for this bioactive compound. Therefore, the reduction of these side effects is critical to obtain effective therapeutic activities of atropine in physiological conditions. Application of micro and nanoformulations and combination therapy may be desirable strategies. This mini-review has attempted to discuss both advantages and disadvantages of these novel strategies based on recent advances.

Graphical Abstract

Anticholinergic, antimicrobial, and anticancer perspectives of atropine: a mini-review

Highlights

  • The major therapeutic effect of atropine is anticholinergic activity.
  • Atropine has competitive antagonists of mAChRs and modulates the CNS.
  • Atropine by acting antagonist towards mAChRs and inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system can hinder these receptors.
  • As the main antiviral mechanism against HSV-1, atropine blocked the glycosylation of viral proteins.
  • Combination therapy can be an effective strategy for decreasing the dose of atropine or its side effects.

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Rights and permissions

© 2023 by the MNBA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Micro Nano Bio Aspects
Volume 2, Issue 1
March 2023
Pages 39-44

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History

  • Receive Date: 14 March 2023
  • Revise Date: 31 March 2023
  • Accept Date: 31 March 2023

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