Birkar PublisherMicro Nano Bio Aspects2980-80812120230301Antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antineurodegenerative, and antirheumatic activities of thymol: clarification of mechanisms1716709210.22034/mnba.2023.381107.1019ENQassim Hassan Aubais AljelehawyDepartment of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq0000-0002-3930-1906Shadieh MohammadiEnvironmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran0000-0002-0711-4305Elham MohamadianDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0009-0005-0452-8691Osamah Raji Mal AllahMinistry of Education, General Directorate for Education in Al-Qadisiyah, IraqAlireza MirzaeiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran0000-0002-7765-4948Mobin GhahremanlouAustralasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, Melbourne, Australia0000-0003-2408-7027Journal Article20230112Thymol is monoterpenic phenol with a wide range of therapeutic properties. Various pharmacological properties including antimicrobial, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antirheumatic, and antineurodegenerative have been found for this metabolite. The severity of peripheral nerve dysfunction in diabetes mellitus can be ameliorated by thymol treatment via decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) and nitric oxide levels. In the case of the anticancer mechanism, thymol can increase the expression of the tumor suppressor of p53, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and apoptosis. Moreover, in this review, three main neurodegenerative diseases of Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been discussed with respect to antineurodegenerative activities of thymol. Recent studies show that novel formulations of thymol in the nanoscale can improve therapeutic activities such as thymol release <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of thymol against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria can be augmented by various nanoformulations. Therefore, we have tried to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of micro and nanoformulations of this bioactive material according to recent investigations.https://www.mnba-journal.com/article_167092_43d2487aaadf0faeff0740bcda8d40f7.pdfBirkar PublisherMicro Nano Bio Aspects2980-80812120230301Micro and nanoformulations of catechins for therapeutic applications: recent advances and challenges81916715310.22034/mnba.2023.382922.1021ENMehran AlaviDepartment of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-5691-8326Reza YaraniTranslational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 83, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark0000-0002-9892-1937Mridula SreedharanInternational and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India0000-0002-1215-5507Sabu ThomasInternational and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India0000-0003-4726-5746Journal Article20230124Bioactive metabolites isolated from myriad living organisms, particularly medicinal plants, can synergize the therapeutic activities of conventional drugs. Catechin is a flavan-3-ol related to flavonoids, a bioactive compound causing many therapeutic activities. Micro and nanoformulations of ((-)-epigallocatechin gallate), ((-)-epigallocatechin), ((-)-epicatechin gallate), and ((-)-epicatechin), as the leading catechins derivatives of tea (Camellia sinensis) have showed desirable antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-neurodegenerative, activities against Alzheimer, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson with significant applications in wound healing, tissue engineering, and various prosthetic implants. Different nanosystems produced from zero-, one-, and two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and nanofilms, have been employed to address the disadvantages of conventional bioactive compounds. In this review, we have attempted to cover these issues, focusing on their benefits and challenges for future studies.https://www.mnba-journal.com/article_167153_efcb223e17e6bb65ae0f3d903eed43fd.pdfBirkar PublisherMicro Nano Bio Aspects2980-80812120230301Interaction of copper oxide nanoparticles with bacterial nucleic acids: a mini-review202516819110.22034/mnba.2023.385561.1022ENMehran AlaviDepartment of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-5691-8326Michael R.HamblinLaser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
Wellman Centre for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
Department of Dermatology, Harvard0000-0001-6431-4605Journal Article20230213Despite the wide use of conventional antibiotics to treat bacterial infections, bacteria have now become resistant to many antibiotics and other antibacterial agents. This resistance is heritable and allows the spread of intractable bacterial infections, which is one of the biggest health challenges encountered around the world. This issue has led to the search for new therapeutic antibacterial agents. In the last few decades, nanomaterials, especially metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), have gained much attention due to their advantageous properties, including large surface-to-volume ratio and high antimicrobial activity. Among various metal and metal oxide NPs, copper oxide NPs have been particularly investigated owing to their biocompatibility and antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Several antibacterial mechanisms have been proposed for copper oxide NPs, among which their interaction with bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid is considered important. These NPs can disrupt the accuracy of DNA replication by changing the DNA sequence which result in differences in the target sequences bound by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. This mini-review discusses this interaction according to recent studies.https://www.mnba-journal.com/article_168191_dd1d75870ded985a76a7af96cdbadeb6.pdfBirkar PublisherMicro Nano Bio Aspects2980-80812120230301Main distinctions between tocosome and nano-liposome as drug delivery systems: A scientific and technical point of view262916828010.22034/mnba.2023.386877.1023ENM. R.MozafariAustralasian Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative (ANNI), 8054 Monash University LPO, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
Supreme Pharmatech Co. LTD, 399/90-95 Moo 13 Kingkaew Rd. Soi 25/1, T. Rachateva, A. Bangplee, Samutprakan 10540, Thailand0000-0002-4118-1544Mehran AlaviDepartment of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-5691-8326Journal Article20230222Some of the currently available encapsulation systems, including liposomes, nanoliposomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles, have already been approved to be used in the pharmaceutical, food, textile, and cosmetic markets. These systems have proven to be useful for the encapsulation, controlled release, targeting drugs, vaccines (including Covid-19 vaccines), and other bioactive compounds in vitro and in vivo. The most recently invented encapsulation system, known as "tocosome", is formulated employing two derivatives of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). Although tocosomes are somehow similar to lipid vesicles, they possess exceptional characteristics mainly due to the presence of unique ingredients in their structures. There have been ambiguities in the scientific literature regarding the differences between tocosomes, liposomes, and nanoliposomes. The present article aims to provide brief scientific explanations in a clear way to highlight differences between the mentioned drug carriers.https://www.mnba-journal.com/article_168280_34dfbc657400cefa663ae33fc0b9a07e.pdfBirkar PublisherMicro Nano Bio Aspects2980-80812120230301Therapeutic applications of apigenin and its derivatives: micro and nano aspects303816909710.22034/mnba.2023.388488.1025ENHanieh JavidDepartment of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4420-6129Shirin AhmadiDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khorramabad, Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran0000-0002-7865-2282Elham MohamadianDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran0009-0005-0452-8691Journal Article20230305Antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antioxidant, antiangiogenic, antitumor, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and antineurodegenerative properties have been indicated for various types of flavonoids and their derivatives. Apigenin as a flavonoid metabolite, a flavone, from the genus Apium related to the flavone class can be found in many plant species including <em>Petroselinum crispum</em>, <em>Apium graveolens</em>, and <em>Matricaria recutita</em>. Lower bioavailability and specificity are two main barriers to obtaining effective formulations. Application of micro and nanoformulations based on organic and inorganic materials can improve the bioavailability and specificity of apigenin and its derivatives such as apigenin 7-O-beta-d-glucoside, apigenin 7-glucoside-4’-trans-caffeate, and apigenin 7-glucoside-4’-p-coumarate. However, there are various limitations to getting suitable formulations in physiological conditions. In this regard, this review has addressed these issues according to recent studies.https://www.mnba-journal.com/article_169097_8956fe6d36aa0255fd449663e31b9a07.pdfBirkar PublisherMicro Nano Bio Aspects2980-80812120230301Anticholinergic, antimicrobial, and anticancer perspectives of atropine: a mini-review394416910610.22034/mnba.2023.389924.1027ENAlireza MirzaeiDepartment of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran0000-0002-7765-4948Mohammad Reza MohammadiDepartment of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9262-0332Journal Article20230314Atropine metabolite as a tropane alkaloid is mainly applied as anticholinergic medication. Other therapeutic activities such as anticancer and antimicrobial effects have been found for this metabolite. Several side effects such as blurred vision, dryness of the mouth, dry eyes, confusion, photophobia, dizziness, tachycardia, fatigue, flushing, palpitations, urinary hesitance or retention, headache, constipation, nausea, and vomiting have been identified for this bioactive compound. Therefore, the reduction of these side effects is critical to obtain effective therapeutic activities of atropine in physiological conditions. Application of micro and nanoformulations and combination therapy may be desirable strategies. This mini-review has attempted to discuss both advantages and disadvantages of these novel strategies based on recent advances.https://www.mnba-journal.com/article_169106_867c7d87eaa26fd3a7fe1559661f934c.pdf